Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Interleukin-13 R130Q aggravates airway smooth-muscle phenotypic switching and promotes airway remodeling in severe asthma

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1906184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IL-13 130R and IL-13 130Q on pulmonary inflammatory responses. (A) Total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 8 per group); differential leukocyte counting was not performed. (B–D) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL-4 (B) , IL-5 (C) , and IL-13 (D) in lung tissue (n = 8 per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IL, interleukin; OVA, ovalbumin; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: According to the instructions of the manufacturer for the IL-4 and IL-5 ELISA kits (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), 100 μL of each sample was added to pre-coated wells and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 h. The wells were then washed three times for 5 min each, and blank wells served as negative controls.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Interleukin-13 R130Q aggravates airway smooth-muscle phenotypic switching and promotes airway remodeling in severe asthma

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1906184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IL-13 130R and IL-13 130Q on human bronchial smooth muscle cell (hBSMC) phenotypes (n = 4 per group). (A) CCK-8-derived proliferative/metabolic activity. (B) Representative Fluo-3/AM flow-cytometry histograms and median fluorescence intensity quantification of the acetylcholine-induced intracellular calcium response. (C, D) IL-5 (C) and IL-4 (D) concentrations in culture supernatants. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IL, interleukin; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: According to the instructions of the manufacturer for the IL-4 and IL-5 ELISA kits (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), 100 μL of each sample was added to pre-coated wells and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 h. The wells were then washed three times for 5 min each, and blank wells served as negative controls.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Interleukin-13 R130Q aggravates airway smooth-muscle phenotypic switching and promotes airway remodeling in severe asthma

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1906184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IL-13 130R and IL-13 130Q on pulmonary inflammatory responses. (A) Total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 8 per group); differential leukocyte counting was not performed. (B–D) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL-4 (B) , IL-5 (C) , and IL-13 (D) in lung tissue (n = 8 per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IL, interleukin; OVA, ovalbumin; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: According to the instructions of the manufacturer for the IL-4 and IL-5 ELISA kits (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), 100 μL of each sample was added to pre-coated wells and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 h. The wells were then washed three times for 5 min each, and blank wells served as negative controls.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Interleukin-13 R130Q aggravates airway smooth-muscle phenotypic switching and promotes airway remodeling in severe asthma

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1906184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IL-13 130R and IL-13 130Q on human bronchial smooth muscle cell (hBSMC) phenotypes (n = 4 per group). (A) CCK-8-derived proliferative/metabolic activity. (B) Representative Fluo-3/AM flow-cytometry histograms and median fluorescence intensity quantification of the acetylcholine-induced intracellular calcium response. (C, D) IL-5 (C) and IL-4 (D) concentrations in culture supernatants. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IL, interleukin; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: According to the instructions of the manufacturer for the IL-4 and IL-5 ELISA kits (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), 100 μL of each sample was added to pre-coated wells and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 h. The wells were then washed three times for 5 min each, and blank wells served as negative controls.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Complex Modulation of IL-6 Signaling by Apelin and Elabela in HTR-8/SVneo Cells Under Cobalt Chloride-Induced Chemical Hypoxia

doi: 10.64898/2026.08.20.746041

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of CoCl 2 on the levels of elabela (ELA), apelin, and apelin receptor APJ. The data were obtained using ELA or apelin ELISA assays in HTR-8/SVneo cell homogenates (Panels A and C) or conditioned media (Panels B and D), western blotting (Panel E), or real-time RT-PCR (Panel F) for APJ. Data are mean ± SEM, n=5-6.

Article Snippet: Individual ELISA kits were used for IL-6 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6), sIL-6R (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6sR), and sgp130 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-sgp130) protein quantification in the conditioned media 24 hours after treatment.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Complex Modulation of IL-6 Signaling by Apelin and Elabela in HTR-8/SVneo Cells Under Cobalt Chloride-Induced Chemical Hypoxia

doi: 10.64898/2026.08.20.746041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elabela (ELA) or apelin treatment decreased IL-6 mRNA in CoCl 2 -treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Data are mean ± SEM, n=3-6.

Article Snippet: Individual ELISA kits were used for IL-6 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6), sIL-6R (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6sR), and sgp130 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-sgp130) protein quantification in the conditioned media 24 hours after treatment.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Complex Modulation of IL-6 Signaling by Apelin and Elabela in HTR-8/SVneo Cells Under Cobalt Chloride-Induced Chemical Hypoxia

doi: 10.64898/2026.08.20.746041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of proposed interactions between IL-6 signaling and apelin and elabela in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells under CoCl₂-mimicked hypoxia. We hypothesize that apelin/elabela/APJ axis regulates IL-6 signaling via its actions on various components of the IL-6 classical and trans-signaling pathway.

Article Snippet: Individual ELISA kits were used for IL-6 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6), sIL-6R (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-IL6sR), and sgp130 (RayBiotech Inc., Norcross, GA, USA; cat. No. ELH-sgp130) protein quantification in the conditioned media 24 hours after treatment.

Techniques: